Today I will give you complete information about a what is matter and it's state

 Matter and it's Status : Anything that has mass and occupies some space is matter. All kind of objects are composed of matter. Matter is everywhere around us in any from. water, bricks, chairs, tables, books are all made up of matter .we can directly sense the matter. Matter is made up of atoms of elements .Around eighty years before ,scientists believed that Atom, was the smallest constituent of matter. That was the time ,when Atom was considered to be the building block or matter, Ernest Rutherford,s (1911) discovery revealed that an atom is made up of a positively charged central part called  nucleus, and negatively charged particles called electrons are revolving around it. In 1932 scientists discovered that the nucleus of an atom is made up of smaller particles called protons and neutrons. Moreover they discovered that there is positive charge on protons, negative charge on electrons while neutrons have no charge . The protons and neutrons are called nucleons as they are found in the nucleus . By that time, they were considered as the smallest constituent of matter. Scientists discovered the fact that like charge repel each other and unlike charges attract each other . This fact made them wonder that how protons are confined within nucleus and do not fly part. In 1947 they discovered other particles called mesons, .After the discovery of mesons, they got answer of their question .According to them mesons hold the protons and neutrons together to from the nucleus. According to some scientists ,quark is the smallest piece of matter. But some are still in search of other particles.           Properties of Matter : there are various quantitative ,measurable properties of matter .for example mass, volume weight, ,color, density as well as qualitative properties e.g taste and smell.  Examples: in this universe all physical objects are made of matter ; air, water, stars,galaxies, planets,rocks,etc .living organisms such as human beings ,animals and plants are also composed of matter.          Composition: in order to understand the structure and composition of matter ,scientists made many efforts e.g cutting or breaking matter into smaller and smaller pieces .living organisms are made up of cells, which are composed of molecules; these molecules are sets of atoms bounded together . Each atom, in turn, is a grouping of elementary particles. States of matter: Scientists have classified matter into certain broad categories, know as states ,with reasonably different properties.                         

I) Solid:.   Solid is the state of matter in witch atoms and molecules are so strongly bonded together that they retain their shape up to a certain temperature and pressure .Example  : rocks ,table, knife, mirror etc.        ii) Liquid: liquid is the state of matter in which molecules and atoms are weakly bonded together . Liquids do not have a proper shape.  Example: water,glycerin, petrol,diesel etc.          iii) Gas : the state of matter in which there is weak or loose bonding among atoms or molecules of the elements is called gases. In gases molecules or atoms can move independently from each other. Gases do not exhibit a proper volume. They tend to expand and occupy the whole volume available.    Example: air, water,. Vapour, helium.   iv) Plasma: According to Wikipedia, plasma is identified as the fourth state of matter .plasma is made by heating a gas until it's atoms and molecules break up ( called ionized) in to negatively charged electrons and positively charged ions. Differing from other states of matter , the charged particles in a plasma will react strongly to electric and magnetic fields (i- e electromagnetic fields ) .the formed ions will re- unite into a gas if plasma gets cold . On the earth the lightning and aurora ( colorful lights on the sky in the countries situated on poles) make plasma. Artificial ( man - made) uses of plasma include fluorescent tubes ,neon signs, and plasma displays used for television or computer screens. Scientists are experimenting with plasma to make a new kind of nuclear power ,called fusion, which would he much better and safer than ordinary nuclear power ,and would produce much less radioactive waste.