Today I will give you complete information about a what is Acid Neutralization s

 

Acid ,base and Netralizations:.      Acid: the word acid is derived from latinacidus / acere which means sour. Acids are sour in taste .acids react with some metals to produce H2 ,acids carbonate salts releasing CO2 .  It is a substance which reacts with a base. Usually ,acids can be known as tasting sour reacting with bases like sodium carbonate and metals like calcium. Aqueous acids have Less than 7 pH,where an acid of lower pH is typically stronger ,and it turns blue litmus paper into red. Such substances or chemicals containing the property of an acid are called to be acidic.      Examples: I) Tartaric acid which is used in baking , ii) Sulphuric acid which is used in car batteries, III) Acetic acid present in vinegar.   These three examples illustrate that acids can be solutions, liquids ,or solids. In addition to it,gases like hydrogen chloride can be acids too.strong acids and some concentrated weak acids are corrosive ,but there are exception such as carboranes and boric acid. There are three common definitions for acids: i. The Arrhenius definition : it states that acids are substances which increase the concentration of hydronium ions (H3O") in solution. ii.  The bronsted - Lowry definition : his definition is an expansion ; an acid is a substance which can act as a proton donor. By the bronsted- Lowry definition ,any compound which can easily be deprotonated can be considered an acid. Examples include alcohols and amines which contain O- H or N-H fragments. iii. And the Lewis definition .An acid is a substance which can accept a pair of electrons.  The majority of acids we encounter in our everyday lives is aqueous solutions, or can be dissolved in water ,and these two definitions are most relevant. The reason why,pHs of acids are less than 7 is that the concentration of hydronium ions is greater than 10-7 moles per  liter .Since pH is defined as the negative logarithm of  the concentration of hydronium ions, acids thus have pHs of less than 7.    Strong Acids (Strong electrolytes).      
Hci hydrochloric acid ,. HNO3 ,nitric acid  HCIO4,. Perchloric acid   H2SO4 ,. Sulfuric acid.           
Weak Acids (Weak electrolytes)                     
CH3COOH Acetic acid          H2CO3 carbonic.      Bases:.  
In chemistry ,a base is a substance that can accept hydrogen ions ( protons) or more generally ,donate electron pairs. Bases are bitter in taste. These turn red litmus into blue. These are slippery to the touch . A soluble base is considered as an alkali if it contains and releases hydroxide ions (OH_ ) quantitatively.                              According to oldest .Arrhenius theory ,bases are hydroxide anions, which is strictly applicable only to alkali.  In water ,by altering the auto- ionization equilibrium, bases give solutions with a hydrogen ion activity lower than that of pure water ,i.e .a pH higher than 7. 0  at standard conditions. Examples of common bases are sodium hydroxide and ammonia .Metal Oxides, hydroxides and especially alkoxides are basic, and counter anions of weak acids are weak bases.       Strong Bases (Strong electrolytes)      NaOH:.    Sodium hydroxide KOH:.  Potassium  hydroxide     CA (OH)2 : calcium hydroxide.          Weak base (Weak electrolyte) NH3.   (ammonia).                          Neutralization:.   
Base can be considered as the chemically opposite of acids. Neutralization is a process between acid and base. Acids are considered as opposites because the effect of an acid is to increase the hydronium ion ( H3 O+) concentration in water.   Whereas base reduce this concentration.                       Base and acids are typically present in aqueous solution forms.   Aqueous solutions of base react with aqueous solutions of acids to produce water and salts in aqueous solutions in which  the salts separate into their component ions.    If the aqueous solution is a saturated solution with respect to a given salt solute any additional such salt present in the solution will result in formation of a precipitate of the salt.                Neutralization   Reactions: 
Acid+ Base             Salt + water                      
When an acid like HClis combined with a base like NaOH, following reaction occurs:      HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq)           NaCl(aq) + H2O(1)  when an acid and a base are combined ,water and salt are the products. Salt are ionic compounds having a positive ion other than H+ and a negative ion other than the hydroxide ion,OH.      Double displacement reactions of this type are called  neutralization reactions,.  When a strong acid and a strong base are combined inproper amounts,where (H+) equals (OH) ,a neutral solution results in  which pH= 7.     The acid and base neutralize each other,and the acidic and  basic properties are no more present.     

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