What is the role of teacher on cognitive learning

 

Cognitive  Teaching Strategies And The Teacher:.      By these teachers can prepare students to learn new material by reminding them of what they already know. Teachers can use questions, can help students to develop linkage and recall new information. Detail of this as:.                                                     (a).      Making  Learning  Relevant / Activating  prior knowledge:.                           Effective teaching includes making Learning Relevant ,prior knowledge elaborating, organizing of information and using question techniques. The eight  instruction events as designed by Slavin (1994,p.266) are:  1. Activating motivation;.                                     2.Directing attention ;.                                         3.Stimulating recall.                                               4. Providing learning guidance.                         5. Enhancing retention .                                       6 .promoting transfer of learning.                     7. Eliciting performance.                                     8. Providing feedback.                                  These eight events are paired with Gagne,Learning phases:.                                                 1.    Motivation phase.                                           2.    Apprehending phase.                                     3.    Acquisition phase.                                           4.    Retention phase.                                             5.    Recall phase                                                     6.    Generalization phase.                                   7.    Performance phase.                                       8.    Feedback phase                                    (b).      Advance Organizers: It was developed by ansubel. Advance Organizers increase students, understanding of certain kinds of materials .Methods that activate can be counter productive if prior knowledge is weak or lacking . Researches on advance Organizers has pointed out a principle that activating prior knowledge enhances understanding  and retention .                           (c).    Analogies;.  Analogies like advance Organizers can contribute in developing understanding of the students. For example ,a teacher can introduce a lesson on human body disease fighting mechanism by telling on image of battle and consider it is analogy for the body,s fight.                                                 (d).  Elaborations: Elaboration is a process of thinking about material to be learned in a way that connects the materials to information or ideas already in the learners, mind (Reigeluth, 1983) .The principle which elaborates the information is easier to understand ,remember and apply. So students can be asked to think of connection between ideas or relate new concepts to their lives. So Elaboration is process of thinking about new material in a way that helps to connect it with existing knowledge.   Example of cognitive learning Strategies:.             Asking students to justify and explain their thinking .                    Helping students find new solution to problems.          Asking students to reflect on their  experience.                                                    Activities: 1. Design some acceleration and enrichment strategies for gifted children on a specific topic.    2. Mentally retarded children are usually low on intelligence . Think of five measures to help mild mentally retarded children while teaching arithmetic.   3. Analyse the causes of low academic achievement from low achievers of your class .Sensory deprivation may be one cause of low achievement .How a partial visually impaired child can be assisted in learning in normal class.    4. First step in direct instruction is to state learning objectives and orient students to lesson .Translate this statement in written form keeping in view any topic of your interest and discuss it's implications with your colleagues.    5. Enlist and discuss with your class fellows, the role of psychology in enhancing the level of learning.