Education in English and Science

Unitary Method:  This is the method of carrying out a calculation to find the value of a number of items by first finding the cost of one of them. It is a technique in Mathematics to solve particular types of problems. Unit means one,in this method, we first find the value of one. To find the value of one ,. When we have the value of many ,we divid:    Steps: (i)Find the value of one unit.   (ii) Find the value of required units .                                     Example  No 1: 5 pencils cost Rs 15 .how much does 1 pencil cost?                                      Solution:.         Cost of 5 pencils= Rs 15                                       ...

  Acid ,base and Netralizations:.      Acid: the word acid is derived from latinacidus / acere which means sour. Acids are sour in taste .acids react with some metals to produce H2 ,acids carbonate salts releasing CO2 .  It is a substance which reacts with a base. Usually ,acids can be known as tasting sour reacting with bases like sodium carbonate and metals like calcium. Aqueous acids have Less than 7 pH,where an acid of lower pH is typically stronger ,and it turns blue litmus paper into red. Such substances or chemicals containing the property of an acid are called to be acidic.      Examples: I) Tartaric acid which is used in baking , ii) Sulphuric acid which is used in car batteries, III) Acetic acid present in vinegar.   These three examples illustrate that acids can be solutions, liquids ,or solids. In addition to it,gases like hydrogen chloride can be acids too.strong acids and some concentrated weak acids are corrosive ,but ther...

  Matter and it's Status : Anything that has mass and occupies some space is matter. All kind of objects are composed of matter. Matter is everywhere around us in any from. water, bricks, chairs, tables, books are all made up of matter .we can directly sense the matter. Matter is made up of atoms of elements .Around eighty years before ,scientists believed that Atom, was the smallest constituent of matter. That was the time ,when Atom was considered to be the building block or matter, Ernest Rutherford,s (1911) discovery revealed that an atom is made up of a positively charged central part called  nucleus, and negatively charged particles called electrons are revolving around it. In 1932 scientists discovered that the nucleus of an atom is made up of smaller particles called protons and neutrons. Moreover they discovered that there is positive charge on protons, negative charge on electrons while neutrons have no charge . The protons and neutrons are called nucleons as they ar...

     Motion of the Earth: the Earth is in constant motion,revolution of Earth around the sun and it's rotation around its own axis .these motion result a number of consequences like occurrence of days and nights, changes in seasons and climates in different areas and regions . Movement of the Earth around its axis and around the sun can be easily understood by mounting a globe and rotating it around its axis, and movement of the Earth around the sun can be illustrated easily.    1) Rotation: if you see at the figure 11,it looks somewhat tilted.The earth completes it's rotation in the time of one day .Rotation is also called spinning. The earth spins around its axis from west to East. Rotation of the earth cause days and nights. The rate of rotations is approximately 1,038 miles per hour, decreasing to zero at the poles. Tilting of Earth causes occurrence of different seasons.   2) Revolution: the motion of the Earth around the sun is called revolution ...

  Theories of Origin of Earth;    Before going to the theories let us understand what theory is ? A repeatedly tested or widely accepted statement is called theory. This statement is also used to make futher predictions about a natural phenomenon. There are different theories about how earth was formed and no one theory can tell exactly how earth came into being. Scientists believe that the earth was formed more than 4 billion years ago. They found this by studying the radioactive elements contained in the rocks.      1) Creation theory or Mythical Theory : Muslims believe that our Earth and the whole universe is made by Almighty Allah .Christians also believe that the earth was made by God on Seventh day . The Chinese believe that the earth was created by pan ku, a supernatural being. An important man Anaximander suggested that the earth began from a ball of fire that covered a cold mass. When the ball of fire burst into pieces,these pieces became the bodi...

    1. Identification of a problem: The first step of scientific method is identification of a problem .something is considered a problem.if it's solution is not obvious .some crucial information is missing .Solving the problem involves finding this missing information.A problem is something which has a solution . A problem can be in the from of a question.to find a solution of the problem it should be clearly stated in testable and measurble terms. Take the following example .in an area many people died of an unknown disease.on publics request government hired a team of scientists to look into the problem. All that was communicated to the scientists ,team was that an unknown disease has caused many deaths and the government needs to solve the problem.this was the first step of identification of the problem that there is a disease which has caused many deaths which needs to be controlled .To find the solution the team needed to state the problem in a manner that provides guide...

  Introduction :  Since is recognition as an independent field of study science has been given a higher status as a field of knowledge. Science ,as you may know, provides the knowledge and understanding of nature and natural phenomena. Scientists, through systematic study of the natural phenomena ,gather information to understand the nature and how it works. So we can say that science is a process of investigation which results in new discoveries about the nature . It is the process of scientific investigation which gives science a higher status in the realm of knowledge. This process or as it is more often termed     Scientific method ,is an organized and systematic method of solving problems ,finding answers and generating new knowledge about the nature and how it works. Knowledge acquired through application of scientific method is considered more reliable and accurate. It is often believed that scientific knowled is final and unchangeable truths about the na...

  CORRECT USE OF PREPOSITION IN SENTENCES EXEMPLIFIED:    1 .I acquit you of all complicity in the crime ,and hope you will be compensated for the annoyance entailed upon you by the groundless imputation. 2. I was horrified at the sight of so much distress . 3. He did not die of cholera but from effects of overexposure to the sun at an unhealthy time of the year. 4. This shopkeeper deals in grain, be he did not deal honestly with me and I shall have no more dealings with him in future . 5. You will have to answer to me for your misconduct.  6.Forst students competed with one another for a single scholarship. 7. I must consult with you on that matter shortly . 8.Do not exult offensively in the victory you have won over your rivals. 9.He is not possessed of much wisdom but possessed with a very high notion of his own importance.10 .will you entrust me with that letter ? No ,I will entrust nothing to you. 11. Always be prepared for the worst. 12.That motive prevails wit...

               Change of Tenses.....                                                    If the verb of the reporting speech is in the present or future tense,there will be no change in the verb of the reported speech,for  example.   DIRECT :Rahim says,I get up early in the morning.  INDIRECT;:.  Rahim says that he gets up early in the morning. DIRECT; Rahim will say that he does not take eggs. INDIRECT; Rahim will say that he does not take eggs.            If the reporting verb is in the past tense,we shall note the following change in the verb of the reported speech;.        (I)Present indefinite tense into past indefinite tense:. DIRECT: He said ,I like this book.INDIRECT: He said that he liked that book.     (ii)present continuo...

 SUN....... 1.Sun is the center of the solar system.2.Sun has helium and hydrogen and makes the sun light up.3.The temprerature of the sun approx 6000c. 4.The sun is 150 million km away from earth.5.The sun is about 110 times wider than the earth. 6.The light from the sun apporox. 8 mints to reach the earth. 7.The mass of sun 2×10 power 30. 8.Composition 74% H, 25% He,and 1% other gasses. 9.All the coal, oil,gasses,and wood on each would only keep the sun burning for a few days.                            (  MERCURY.........)          1.Mercury is the 1st planets to the sun. 2.Temperature 430c.    3.Smallest planet of the solar system.4.Mercury has no moons. 5.Mercury is 58 million km from the sun. 6. One day of mercury is equal to 176 earth days.7.Time take to orbit sun 88 days. 8. very dry,hot, and almost airless. 9. Mass 0.333*10 .          ...

The words of a speaker can be reported in two ways. we may quote the actual words used by him or we may report his speech in the form of narrative.the former is called the direct speech, and the later is known as the indirect speech.IT can be illustrated by an example. (Saeed said, :I like mangoes.(Direct speech) (Saeed said that he liked mangoes.(Indirect speech) The words that are not enclosed within inverted commas are called the reporting speech and the words that are encosed within the inverted commas are called the reported speech. In the above example saeed said is the reporting speech,and i like mangoes is the reported speech.the first word of the reported speech is written with a capital latter. when we change the direct speech into the indirect speech we remove the comma and inverted commas and in most case place a suitable conjunction between the reporting speech and the reported speech. when we change the direct speech into the indirect speech, the reporting v...

which of the following is one million. [1000000]✓ Q2. Three million six hundred sixty five thousand and forty four. [3665044]✓ Q3.fifty four million four hundred five thousand and three can be written as. [C.54405003]✓ Q4.What is the number 700680000 is words. [seven hundred million six hundred eighty thousand ]✓ Q5. In no 783,580,215 what is the ten thousand place. answer[ 4]✓ Q6. In no 876,580,736 what is ten million place. Answee [7]✓ Q7. Adding the no 453632 and 257938 we get.Answer [711570]✓ Q8.Subtracing 12843028 from 26487153 we get.Answer [13640125]✓ Q9.While adding the number we start from. Answer [Unit]✓ Q10. When a number is multiplied with zero (0) Its Answer is. [0]✓ Q11.124X 0=[0]✓ Q12.Multiplying 423 by 10 we get. Answer [4230]✓ Q13.A space shuttle travels 559,600 km distance in 240 hours,how many km does it travel in one hour. Answer [3165 km]✓ Q14.Solving 2+8×-25 we get. Answer [73]✓ Q15.Fi...

 

 Atmosphere  :  A blanket of Air containing different gases surrounding the earth is called atmosphere.                        ( Important Gases of Atmospher )         1(Name ):   Nitrogen , Oxygen ,Argon,Carbon dioxide,Ozone,      2 (Symbol):   N, Q2 ,Ar,Co,Q3            3 (Ratio) :  78.1% , 21%, 0.93%,0.3%,  0.00006%                 The Ozone layer is like an umbrella  which protects the earth from harmful  ultraviolet  rays of the sun and they can cause skin cancer and many other diseases.          Structure the Atmosphere : Atmosphere is dividing in to the following layers.Each layer has its own physical characteristics. 1)Troposphere ,   2) Stratosphere,3)Mesosphere , 4) Thermosphere or Exosphere      ...

 They are three man layers of the earth.  1 Core  2 Mantle 3 Crust  .    Core: Core ia a ball like structure  which is present in the centre of earth it is divded in to two parts  1 )Inner core 2) Outer core      Inner core :  Inner core is hard and  solid . it is 1250 km thick and nearly  4300C° hot.                     Outer core : The outer core is in semi liquid  form. it is 2250km thick and about 3700C° hot.           Mantle :  it is the second layer of the earth. it is about 300Km  thick .the layer is composed of iron, silicon and magnesium  elements.Temperature  of  the  upper portion of the mantle is 870C° that reaches  up to 3600C° in the lower portion. Crust : it is the lightest and thinnest layer of the earth. it is mostly composed of  silicon and Aluminum element. On average it ...

 According to 2009 estimate human population of the world was about 6.5 billion . Asia is the largest continent in term of population .its total population is about 4 billion which about 61% of total world population is.Australia is the smallest continent in term of population is About 35 million which is about 2.5 of the total population.  Antarctica is an unpopulated continent. China is the largeat country in tream of population. Only 12% of population of world live in mountains area.88% of population live of the world lives in plain areas.   Study of population is called Demography.  Human movement :Movement of human beings from one place to another for any reason is called human movement.  According to 2017 census punjab was the largest province in term of population which was 52.94% of the total population of the country of pakistan.