Education in English and Science

  (1) .Noun : A noun names a person , place ,things or idea.                Examples : dog,cat,horse, teacher, student , mary  apple and etc.                                                                          (2) .Pronoun : pronoun replace the name of a  person ,place,thing, or idea in a sentence.                Examples: he, she , it ,they, him, her, this, that and etc .                                  (3) Verb : a verb is a word or group of words that describes an action experience .      Examples : realize, walk, look, see, sing, sit, listen ,ran etc .              ...

  Important proverbs : 1) Think before you leap. 2) So which way the wind blows. 3) East or west, home is the fire . 4) Even walls have ears.      5) A bad workman always quearrels with his tools.    6) All the glitters is not gold.  7) A little knowledge is dangerous thing.          8) Out of sight ,Out of mind.    9) A stich in time saves nine.    10) Beauty needs no ornaments.          11) Do good , and have good.         12) Diamonds cuts diamonds.           13) Easy come easy go.       14) Where there are flowers there are thorns.            15) Slow and steady whics the race .  16) Truth is above harm.     17 ) Tit for tat.          18) A wise enemy is better than a foolish friend .  19) God helps those, who help themselves....

  Important proverbs with urdu Translation  :      1) Union is strength ۔اتفاق  میں برکت ہے۔ Blood is thicker than water 2) اپنا اپنا غیر غیر       pride hath a fall.3) غرور کا سر نیچا        A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.4) نو نقد تیرا ادھار                 Drowning man catches at a straw. 5) ڈوبتے کو تنکے کا سہارہ                             Something is better than nothing.6) جاتے چور کی لنگوٹی ہی سہی      Barking dogs seldom bite.7) جو گرجتے ہیں وہ برستے نہیں                                Cut your coat according to your cloth. 8) جتنی چادر اتنے پاوں پھیلاو                                       ...

  Measurement of Heat : Heat or the thermal energy is defined as energy that is transferred between a system and it's environment because of the temperature difference between them. Before scientists arrived at a correct understanding of heat ,the units in which heat was measured had already been developed. One of the most widely used is the calorie ( cal) ,defined as the heat required to raise the temperature of lg of water from 14.5°C to 15.5°C. a related unit is the kcal. 1 kcal = 10/3 cal. The unit if heat in the British engineering system is the British thermal unit ( BTU) ,defined as the heat required raising the temperature of 1 Ib of water from 63°F to 64°F.  Because heat is now recognized as energy being transferred ,scientists are using increasingly SI unit of energy, the joule (J) ,for the quantities of heat . 1 cal= 4.186 J.                                        ...

  Features of effective objectives : Here question arises what are the features of effective objectives? This is an important question because objectives play a vital role in curriculum development.  Characteristics of effective objectives as listed by experts are :  1. Comprehensiveness: objectives should cover aims and goals which these objectives represent . Aims and goals provide broad purposes, while objectives provide specific intentions to cater this. Objectives must be comprehensive.    2. Consistency: Along with comprehensiveness ,objectives should be consistent with each other as well with the aims from which they come. They must also have positive correlation with each other. Usually confusion arises within schools when objectives are developed without consideration of school goals or aims.                3. Attainability: objectives must be attainable . While designing objectives ,one must consider the level of...

  Transfer of Heat:.   If you have experience the campfire while camping, you have noticed that the heat is transferred from the campfire to you and you feel warm glow on your face. If an iron utensil is placed on the fire, it becomes hot. Even someone far away of about 20 feet,also feel the warmth of the fire. In each of these cases the transfer of heat from fire to the iron utensil ,to your face and the person 20 feet away has occurred.But the principle method of heat transfer involved in each was different . The heat transfer is relating to two things ,one is the temperature ,and the other is the flow of heat. Temperature represents the amount of thermal energy available, whereas heat flow represents the movement of thermal energy from place to place. There are three basic methods to transfer the heat, conduction,convection and radiation.                Conduction:. Heat travelled from the end of the iron untensil to the handle p...

  Gravitational Force:. As we all know that the fall of an apple made Newton to think on the subject of the motion of the planters. He recognized that the apple falls on the surface of earth only because of the earth attraction towards the apple . He was in doubt whether this force of attraction could extend beyond the tree to cloud, to moon and even beyond the moon. He thought that the force on the apple must be directly proportional to its mass. In addition ,according to his own third law of motion, the apple would also attract towards Earth. Similarly ,the force of attraction is also proportional to the mass of earth and the mass of the object. Another factor involved is the distance between the apple and the earth. He concluded that this force of attraction is inverse of the distance between them. This attractive force between objects and the earth is called the Gravitational force. Newton was so confident about his governing laws of motion on Earth,that he suggested that this ...

  Pressure:. Imagine that you are standing on the surface of road ,your feet exerts force on the earth. The area under your shoe bears the force of your body. The ratio of the applied force to the area is called pressure. When you talk about a high heel, the high hell exerts more pressure on earth than the shoe, because the area is small but the force is same. For example a man is Sitting on a ground; the weight is the force which is acting on the surface of earth. The force ( weight of man) acted upon the area he covers while sitting cause the pressure of the man on the earth.But a man is standing applies the same force ( weight) with different area in contact with the surface and therefore exert a different pressure.          Different Area in contact will give different value of the pressure .                                            Perssure i...

  Force:. When we think of a force, we usually imagine push or pull exerted on some object. For instance,you exert a force on a ball when you throw it or kick it. What happen to an object when it is acted by a force ? Force is commonly defined as a push or a pull. We can apply the forces through contractions or extensions of our muscles .when you open a door, you pull it. By the contractions of your muscles we can exert a force . A push force moves something away from you and the pull force moves something closer. You can push hard or gently ,left or right so the force has the magnitude as well as direction. Force is a vector quantity . The symbol F is used to represent the vactor force . If you pull a spring or kick a ball ,they change their position due to the application of force. When you throw a ball in air it comes back due to the force of gravity of the earth. Force can be categorized into two types one is contact force and the other is the non- contact force. In fact when t...

Taxonomies of Objectives:.    The Science of classification in general and any specific classification respecting it's rules i. e.taxonomy of educational objectives,.     A taxonomy is a kind of hierarchical organization of knowledge. If one understands all the concepts of taxonomy, this understanding covers all aspects of that knowledge. The relationship among the items of a taxonomy are hierarchical as there are superordinate ,subordinate and coordinate concepts in taxonomies. There are other hierarchies which are not based on inclusive relationship.                                             Blooms, Taxonomy:.    Bloom and his fellow researchers published a Taxonomy ,educational objectives  ( cognitive domain) which influenced the practice of education to a large extent. Bloom and his colleagues categorized objectives from simple ...

  Aims ,Goals And Objectives: teaching is a practical activity and like any practical açtivity it must have some aim or set of aims. Aim provides purpose to teaching ,this is the kind of definition which allows us to talk about success or failure ,quality ,improvement etc. If sailing has no aim, then one might successfully sink. In the same way a clear conception of aims of education are necessary both for understanding of the enterprise and for assessing or designing any research on it. If we do not know the aim of education ,how can we assess whether any person has been successfully education, whether the way we are educating the children is effective and whether this is appropriate research or not .Quin (1989 p. 38) defines as :. Aims: To intend ,to determine a course ,purpose, intention, plan.    Goal:. The end towards which effort is directed. A condition or state to be brought about through a course of action.      Objective:.    Something t...

  Cognitive  Teaching Strategies And The Teacher:.      By these teachers can prepare students to learn new material by reminding them of what they already know. Teachers can use questions, can help students to develop linkage and recall new information. Detail of this as:.                                                      (a).      Making  Learning  Relevant / Activating  prior knowledge:.                            Effective teaching includes making Learning Relevant ,prior knowledge elaborating, organizing of information and using question techniques. The eight  instruction events as designed by Slavin (1994,p.266) are:  1. Activating motivation;.                    ...